Al-Mudari' In Detail

The Concept

### Review: The Six Baabs

The mudari' follows the same six baab patterns as the madi:

| Baab | Madi | Mudari' | |------|------|---------| | Fatha (Fa) | فَتَحَ | يَفْتَحُ | | Nasara (Nun) | نَصَرَ | يَنْصُرُ | | Daraba (Dad) | ضَرَبَ | يَضْرِبُ | | Sami'a (Sin) | سَمِعَ | يَسْمَعُ | | Hasiba (Ha — rare) | حَسِبَ | يَحْسِبُ | | Karuma (Kaf — rare) | كَرُمَ | يَكْرُمُ |

Mnemonic: Open the Quran (Fatha) — Allah will help (Nasara) — otherwise dunya beats you (Daraba) — therefore listen (Sami'a) — count good deeds (Hasiba) — be noble (Karuma).

### Anatomy of the Mudari': Three Groups

The 14 forms of the mudari' divide into three groups based on how the doer (fa'il) is expressed and how the ending changes:

| Group | Forms | Doer | Default ending | Changes | |-------|-------|------|---------------|---------| | 1 — Mustatir (hidden doer) | 1, 4, 7, 13, 14 | Hidden in verb | dhamma — ُ | dhamma/fatha/sukoon | | 2 — Noon of i'rab | 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 | Red letter (alif/waw/ya) | green noon at end | noon present/absent | | 3 — Fixed noon (mabni) | 6, 12 (هُنَّ/أَنْتُنَّ) | Purple noon = doer | noon always present | never changes |

Note: forms 4 and 7 are identical in the mudari' (هِيَ taftahu = أَنْتَ taftahu); context tells them apart.

### Group 1: The Easy Group (Mustatir)

Forms with hidden doer end with dhamma as default:

| Particle | Change | Example | |----------|--------|---------| | None (default) | dhamma | يَفْتَحُ — he opens | | لَنْ (hammer → nasb) | dhamma → fatha | لَنْ يَفْتَحَ — he will never open | | لَمْ (chopper → jazm) | dhamma → sukoon | لَمْ يَفْتَحْ — he did not open |

### Group 2: The Noon of I'rab Group

Forms with an explicit doer letter (alif/waw/ya) followed by a green noon:

• Rafa' (default): noon is present — يَنْصُرُونَ, يَنْصُرَانِ
• Nasb or Jazm: noon is dropped — يَنْصُرُوا, يَنْصُرَا
• To distinguish nasb from jazm: look at the particle before the verb

### Group 3: The Mabni Group

Forms 6 and 12 (هُنَّ and أَنْتُنَّ versions ending in نَ): the noon is the noun of the pronoun, not the noon of i'rab. It never drops for any reason — this group is mabni (fixed).

### Negating the Mudari'

| Method | Usage | Example | |--------|-------|---------| | لَا + mudari' | Most common negation (statement) | لَا يَفْتَحُ — he does not open | | مَا + mudari' | Less common; does not give future meaning | مَا يَفْتَحُ — he does not open |

For the madi (past), مَا is the primary negation. For the mudari', لَا takes over.

### Future Tense Markers

| Prefix | Meaning | Frequency in Quran | |--------|---------|-------------------| | سَوْفَ + mudari' | soon (near future) | 42x | | سَـ + mudari' | very soon (immediate future) | 119x |

Note: سَـ is a single letter and attaches directly to the verb — watch for it in Quranic text (e.g. سَيَعْلَمُونَ).

No changes are made to the verb ending by سَوْفَ or سَـ — they are non-impacting (ghayru aamil).

### Using كَانَ with the Mudari'

كَانَ (past tense of "to be") + mudari' = habitual past (used to / was doing regularly):

• كَانَ يَفْتَحُ — he used to open / he was opening (habitually)
• كَانُوا يُؤْمِنُونَ — they used to believe

The form of كَانَ must match the subject in gender and number, and must be used with the matching mudari' form.

### Common Prefixes and Suffixes with the Mudari'

Non-impacting prefixes (meaning only):

| Prefix | Meaning | Effect on verb | |--------|---------|----------------| | وَ | and | none | | فَ | so / then | none | | قَدْ | certainly (emphasis) | none | | لَا | not | none | | سَ / سَوْفَ | soon / will | none | | كَانَ | habitual past | none |

Impacting prefixes (change ending):

| Prefix | Mood caused | Change | |--------|-------------|--------| | لَنْ / أَنْ / كَيْ / إِذَنْ | Nasb | dhamma→fatha; noon dropped | | لَمْ / لَمَّا | Jazm | dhamma→sukoon; noon dropped |

Suffixes (attached pronouns): always act as the object of the verb — e.g. وَجَعَلْنَاكُمْ (and We made you all) — كُمْ is the attached pronoun as object.